School: aaaom.edu

Friday, February 28, 2014

Acupuncture for PTSD

Acupuncture for PTSD

 An American study advocates the combined use of brief psychological exposure with manual stimulation of acupuncture points in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other emotional conditions. Feinstien investigated two randomized controlled trials and six outcome studies using standardized pre- and post-treatment measures enlisting military veterans, disaster survivors, and other traumatized individuals. These studies support subjective reports and systematic clinical observations that stimulating selected acupuncture points during imaginal exposure quickly and permanently reduces fear responses to traumatic memories. This approach has been controversial, in part because the mechanisms underlying acupuncture point stimulation have not been established. The author suggests that adding acupuncture point stimulation to brief psychological exposure is extraordinarily effective in its speed and power by sending deactivating signals directly to the amygdala, resulting in rapid reduction of threat responses to harmless stimuli. This formulation, along with the preliminary evidence supporting it, could lead to more powerful exposure protocols for treating PTSD.

For the original research paper, click here.

Thursday, February 27, 2014

Eight-Needle Knee Technique

Upcoming Event
at American Academy of Acupuncture and oriental Medicine
Wednesday, March 19

12:30 – 1:00 PM

Lunchtime Lecture Series Presents:

Eight-Needle Knee Technique

Presented by Dr. Cheng Chi  

Acupuncture practitioners are always on the look-out for acupuncture point combinations and techniques which consistently and successfully treat the conditions they see in clinic. One of the commonest conditions seen in acupuncture clinics is joint pain or arthritis.

Over many years of practice, Dr. Chi developed and refined a specific method for treating knee pain: the 8-needle technique for joint pain and arthritis. In this informative lecture, Dr. Chi will share his 8-needle point combination and needling techniques with attendees. Practitioners who apply Dr. Chi’s technique to their knee pain patients should see immediate benefits and successful outcomes.

Wednesday, February 26, 2014

How Does Acupuncture Work?

How Does Acupuncture Work?

How does acupuncture work? An answer in scientific language was provided in the book, Basics of Acupuncture, written by Gabriel Stux, Brian Berman, Bruce Pomeranz, P. Kofen, K.A. Sahm. This 17-point answer is widely cited. A digital version of this answer is available. Click here.

Tuesday, February 25, 2014

Ted Kaptchuk’s Placebo Odyssey

Ted Kaptchuk’s Placebo Odyssey
Ironically, says Kaptchuk, it was his success as an acupuncturist that made him leave the profession for academia. “Patients who came to me got better,” he says, but sometimes their relief began even before he’d started his treatments. He didn’t doubt the value of acupuncture, but he suspected something else was at work. His hunch was that it was his engagement with patients—and perhaps even the act of caring itself.

To read the full story in Harvard Magazine, click here.

Monday, February 24, 2014

A Tale of Two Herbs

Danshen and Gegen Combination
Hong Kong researchers studied an herbal combination of Dan Shen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix) and Ge Gen (Puerariae Radix), and published their summary: "Ten Years' Research on a Cardiovascular Tonic". Over the past decade, this research group has investigated the quality control and safety of this herbal combination, lab studies of its cardiovascular protections and eventually clinical trials on its efficacy in heart conditions such as atherosclerosis in high-risk hypertensive patients.
This combination comes from a highly respectable herbal expert and clinician, Shi Jin-mo (1882-1968), who was well known for selecting twin combinations of herbs in the formation of simple, synergistic formulae. Shi advocated the use of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen) together with Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen) for the promotion of blood circulation.  This herbal combination found to have following actions: 
1) anti-Inflammatory and anti-oxidation, 
2) anti-hypertensive, 
3) anti-foam cell formation on vascular endothelium,
4) vasodilation.

Three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have been conducted with Danshen and Gegen combination: 
1)The patients with coronary arterial diseases was well tolerated and effective in improving vascular function and structure. 
2) Danshen and Gegen combination was found significantly improved the atherogenic process in high-risk hypertensive subjects. 
3) Danshen and Gegen combination prevented atherosclerosis and lowered LDL and total cholesterol in postmenopausal women with early hypercholesterolemia.
For more information, click here.

Sunday, February 23, 2014

Acupuncture for Lymphedema

Acupuncture for Lymphedema
A study conducted by researchers at Sloan-Kettering evaluates the usefulness and safety of acupuncture on upper-limb circumference in women with lymphedema. They note that current lymphedema treatments following conventional breast cancer treatment are not cost-effective and require ongoing care. Women diagnosed with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) for 0.5-5 years and with affected arm circumference ≥2 cm larger than unaffected arm received acupuncture treatment twice weekly for 4 weeks. Both affected and unaffected arm circumferences were measured before and after each acupuncture treatment. Measured response was defined as ≥30% reduction in arm circumference difference between affected/unaffected arms. Researchers made monthly follow-up calls for 6 months after treatment ended to record possible complications and self-reported lymphedema status. Of the original 37 enrolled patients, 33 were evaluated; and 4 dropped-out due to scheduling conflicts. The average reduction in arm circumference difference was 0.90 cm (95%). Thirty-three percent (11 patients) demonstrated a ≥30% reduction after acupuncture. Seventy-six percent of patients received all treatments; 21% missed 1 treatment, and another patient missed 2 treatments. During the treatment period, 14 of the 33 patients reported minor complaints, including mild, local bruising or pain/tingling. There were no serious adverse events and no infections or severe exacerbations after 255 treatment sessions and 6 months of follow-up interviews. Researchers concluded that acupuncture for BCRL, indeed, appears safe and may reduce arm circumference. They recommend study result confirmation by running further randomized trials.
 
The study was published here.

Saturday, February 22, 2014

San Ren Tang is Virtuous

Don’t Forget Classical Formulas
A 50 year-old male patient with fever of unknown reason for three weeks came to see Dr. Lu. The fever, which was persistent initially with the body temperature 102F, turned into a tidal fever that happened about 10 P.M and lasted about one hour in the past week, accompanied with lassitude and decreased appetite. The tongue coating was white, thick and greasy.

 This patient did not have many other symptoms to help the differential diagnosis. According to TCM, tidal fever can be caused by yin deficiency, excess yangming fu organ pattern or warm-dampness disease. It was hard for his condition to turn into a yin deficiency in such a short time, and he did not have any other symptoms supporting yin deficiency.  He had a white greasy tongue coating and lassitude. So it should be a fever in warm dampness disease. Then Dr. Lu prescribed the herbs that can transform dampness with aromatic smell and releasing exterior patterns. San Ren Tang (Three Kernels Decoction) with modification was the choice.  After the patient took the herbs, no fever was exhibited in the same day of the use of the formula. With three doses applied, the patient’s fever had been completely gone.

San Ren Tang (Three Kernels Decoction)

Xing Ren 15g
Hua Shi 18g
Bai Tong Cao 6g
Bai Kou Ren 6g
Zhu Ye 6g
Hou Po 6g
Yi Yi Ren 18g
Ban Xia 15g

San Ren Tang (Three Kernels Decoction) first appeared in Wu Jutong’s Differentiation of Warm Diseases. This could be a review for your Febrile Disease class.

Friday, February 21, 2014

Acupuncture Faces Challenges

Scientists Query Study Saying Ear Acupuncture Aids Weight Loss
Scientists derided research published on Tuesday that suggested ear acupuncture may help people lose weight, saying the study's design was flawed and its conclusions highly implausible.
Responding to the findings of research published online in the journal Acupuncture in Medicine, experts not involved in the work said it was unreliable and probably a waste of money.
"It is hard to think of a treatment that is less plausible than ear acupuncture," said Edzard Ernst, a professor of complementary medicine at Britain's University of Exeter.
A summary statement about the study, conducted by Korean researchers, said it compared three approaches in a total of 91 people - acupuncture on five points on the outer ear, acupuncture on one point, and a sham treatment as a control.
It said participants were asked to follow a restrictive diet, but not one designed to lead to weight loss, and not to take any extra exercise during eight weeks of treatment.
Its results suggested significant differences were apparent after four weeks, with the active treatment groups receiving acupuncture on one or five points having lower body mass index scores compared with the sham treatment group, where there was no such reduction.
To read the full story, click here.

Thursday, February 20, 2014

Lawsuit claims getting acupuncture at a chiropractor is a public health threat

Lawsuit claims getting acupuncture
at a chiropractor is a public health threat
The Texas Association of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine filed the suit Feb. 5 in the 201st State District Court in Travis County against the Texas Board of Chiropractic Examiners and its executive director, Yvette Yarbrough.
As explained in the plaintiff's petition, the Texas Occupations Code governs the practice of both chiropractic medicine and acupuncture, spelling out regulations for the two fields in different chapters: Chapter 201 for chiropractic and Chapter 205 for acupuncture.
Whether these regulations allow chiropractors to practice acupuncture has been a question debated in the Legislature and courtroom since the early 1990s, the petition stated.
In 2005, in response to a legislative requirement, the chiropractic board adopted rules clarifying which activities are included in chiropractic practice. The rules authorized chiropractors to perform procedures involving needles, including acupuncture and needle electromyography (a technique for studying electrical activity of muscles).
In response to a challenge from the Texas Medical Association, a district court invalidated several of the chiropractic board's rules allowing needle use, and the Austin Court of Appeals upheld the district court's judgment, according to the petition. The chiropractic board repealed rules related to needle electromyography but didn't change the rule allowing needles for acupuncture.
What it boils down to, the petition states, is the chiropractic board has defined incision in a way that allows chiropractors to use needles in procedures besides diagnostic blood draws, which is in direct disagreement with Chapter 201 on chiropractic practice.
To continue to read the story, click here.

Wednesday, February 19, 2014

Marketing is NOT Advertising

Marketing is NOT Advertising

 As you might imagine, when I begin a coaching program with one of my clients, one of the first questions I ask is, “What are you currently doing to market your practice.” It’s a loaded question because I know the sort of answer I’ll get. And it opens up the discussion we need to have.
The responses I get almost always revolve around advertising. Here are a few:
- I go to a networking group.
- I pass out business cards and brochures around the community.
- I have an ad in the yellow pages.
- I have a website and I pay for ranking on Google.
- I put up flyers at the grocery store.
- I rely on foot traffic that sees my sign.
- I work with other practitioners to get referrals.
- I have an ad in the local paper.
- I have an ad on Craigslist.
- I have an ad in Valpak.
- I did a groupon.
- I do health fairs.
- I do public speaking.
To read I hate marketing, click here.

Tuesday, February 18, 2014

Acupuncture Injection for Dysmenorrhea


Acupuncture Injection for Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation, or  dysmenorrhea, is a major cause of activity restriction and absences from school and work among young women. Traditional pharmaceuticals used to treat painful menstruation are not effective for all women and have side effects that limit their use. Studies in China and other countries have shown beneficial effects for use of vitamin K1 as an acupoint treatment, but the acceptability of this treatment to women in the United States has been unknown. A new study was conducted at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of acupuncture point injection of vitamin K1 as an alternative treatment for primary dysmenorrhea among US women.
The study was designed as a pilot study with a blinded, randomized, crossover trial. Fourteen women 18 to 25 years of age who had been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea in the San Francisco Bay Area participated and finished the study. They were randomized into 2 groups to receive bilateral injections of vitamin K1 in the Spleen-6 (SP-6) acupuncture point at the start of menstruation and then, following a 2-month washout period, saline in a nonacupuncture point at the start of menstruation. One group received the vitamin K1 injection first, while the other group received the saline injection first. Menstrual pain intensity was measured using a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS), before and after injections. The results  showed that women had an average 2.5-point decrease in pain after a vitamin K1 injection in the SP-6 acupoint (P < .001), as compared with a 1.8-point decrease after a saline injection (P < .001). Change scores for vitamin K1, as compared with a saline injection, approached statistical significance (P < .10). Intensity and duration of menstrual symptoms, as measured by the Cox retrospective symptom scale, also decreased following injections. After participating, 94% of the women remained agreeable to receiving the injection therapy, and 77% reported they would come every month were the treatment available. The research findings suggested high acceptability for an acupuncture point injection of vitamin K1 as treatment for primary dysmenorrhea among young women in San Francisco. Pain decreased with both treatments, with a trend toward greater pain reduction for the vitamin K1/SP-6 injection. These findings are consistent with outcomes from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Shanghai, China, where the protocol was developed.

To read the full research report, click here.

Monday, February 17, 2014

Acupuncture for Autism

Acupuncture for Autism

 A study conducted in Beijing noted that acupuncture increases brain levels of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), which are known to be involved in social behaviors. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is often used in clinic to produce a similar stimulation to that of manual acupuncture on acupuncture points. In their study, Zhang et al. applied TES to children with autism in order to assess its therapeutic effectiveness in treating autism. Seventy-six autistic children receiving rehabilitation training were randomly divided into 2 groups: a treatment group receiving TES for 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks (n=37), and a control group that did not receive TES treatment (n=39). A series of rating scales was used to assess outcomes. In addition, plasma levels of AVP and OXT were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment. The treatment group showed a significant improvement over the control group in their emotional response, fear or anxiety, level & consistency of intellectual relations, as well as general impressions on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). They also showed improvements in the sensory and related factors in the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). Additionally, children in the treatment group accepted a greater variety of food after TES treatment. The researchers noted that TES appeared to be effective in autistic children who showed passive and aloof behavior, but not in children whose behaviors were more active. The plasma level of AVP was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group after treatment. In addition, the increased plasma AVP level seemed to parallel the improvement of some of the behavior factors in CARS, including adaptation to environmental change, listening response, perceptive response, and fear or anxiety. The researchers thus concluded that TES is an effective treatment option for autistic children with a passive and aloof social interaction style, and that changes in plasma levels of AVP and possibly OXT may be involved in mediating the therapeutic effect of TES.

To read the full research report, click here.

Sunday, February 16, 2014

Acupuncture for Cancer Care

Scientific Studies
Support the Use of Acupuncture for Oncology Patients
Changzhen Gong, Ph.D.
 In China, practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have used acupuncture to address the symptoms of cancer for several thousand years, which is documented in Chinese medical texts. As knowledge of acupuncture began to diffuse beyond Asia in the 20th Century, scientific studies soon acknowledged the ability of acupuncture to control pain and nausea. Today, the application of acupuncture therapy to cancer patients is not confined to China, but is being used and studied around the world. Patients who seek alternatives to drug therapy for cancer-related symptoms and treatment-related side effects find that acupuncture has become one of the most popular, widely-accepted complementary treatments in the field of oncology.
 A considerable body of evidence shows that acupuncture has a regulating effect on neurological, immune-system, and endocrine processes; and clinical observations confirm that acupuncture has many beneficial effects during cancer therapy. Scientific proof is mounting that acupuncture is effective treatment for cancer-related symptoms including pain, nausea and vomiting, xerostomia (dry mouth), and hot flashes, as well as quality-of-life issues such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. There is also proof that acupuncture has powerful results when used in the management of side effects brought on by medical interventions of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Compared with many other interventions, acupuncture is safe, non-invasive, and has minimal side-effects.  
Moreover, the use of acupuncture to treat patients with cancer and the symptoms that arise from conventional cancer treatment is currently one of the most robust fields of scientific acupuncture research. The following paragraphs cite four recent cancer-related scientific studies which validate acupuncture therapy and point the way for further investigation into this field.
 An Italian study conducted by the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology at San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Milan evaluated the efficacy of acupressure for insomnia (acupressure stimulates acupuncture points manually, rather than with needles). Of twenty-five study patients with sleep disorders, fourteen of them had cancer. They were treated with acupressure for at least two consecutive weeks. A 60% overall improvement in the quality of sleep was noted for the 25 patients, and an even higher improvement rate of 79% was noted for the cancer patients. This study confirms previous clinical data showing the efficacy of acupressure in the treatment of sleep disorders, particularly in cancer-related insomnia.
 A study conducted by Molassiotis, et.al, and reported in the December, 2012 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, was designed to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with breast cancer. The randomized controlled trial compared 227 patients who received acupuncture and usual care, with 75 patients who received usual care alone (“usual care” consisted of giving patients a booklet with information about managing fatigue). Acupuncturists needled three pairs of acupoints once a week for six weeks. After six weeks, with 246 completing participants, general fatigue levels were assessed using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Other measurements included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General quality-of-life scale, and expectation of acupuncture effect. Results showed significant improvement in general fatigue levels in the acupuncture group. The intervention also improved all other fatigue aspects measured by MFI, including physical fatigue and mental fatigue, anxiety and depression, and quality of life. This study concluded that acupuncture is an effective intervention for managing the symptom of CRF and improving patients' quality of life.
Xerostomia (dry mouth) after head/neck radiation is a common problem among cancer patients. Quality of life (QOL) is impaired, and available treatments are of little benefit. A small pilot study comparing the effects of acupuncture and sham acupuncture on xerostomia symptoms was conducted at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center by Meng, et.al., and reported in the July, 2012 issue of the European Journal of Cancer. Twenty-three patients were randomized to real acupuncture (N=11) or to sham acupuncture (N=12), with the objective of determining whether acupuncture could prevent xerostomia among head/neck patients undergoing radiotherapy. Patients were treated three times per week during the course of radiotherapy. They were assessed by both subjective and objective measures during radiotherapy, and were followed for one month after radiotherapy. In this small study, true acupuncture given concurrently with radiotherapy significantly reduced xerostomia symptoms and improved QOL when compared with sham acupuncture. Researchers concluded that large-scale, multi-centre, randomized and placebo-controlled trials were justified, based on the results of their pilot study.

 A study called “Acupuncture as palliative therapy for physical symptoms and quality of life for advanced cancer patients” was published in the June, 2010 issue of Integrative Cancer Therapies. Researchers assessed the effects of administering acupuncture to patients with advanced ovarian or breast cancer in regard to patients’ subjective experience of their symptoms and quality of life (QOL). In this single-armed prospective clinical trial, ambulatory patients with advanced cancer received 12 acupuncture sessions over 8 weeks, with follow-up treatments at weeks 9 and 12. Symptom severity was measured before and after each acupuncture session, and a composite QOL assessment tool was completed at five time points. The 32 assessed patients self-reported improvement in anxiety, fatigue, pain, and depression immediately after treatment, and significant improvement over time for patients with anxiety and depression. QOL measures of pain severity and interference, physical and psychological distress, life satisfaction, and mood states showed improved scores during treatment, with sustained benefit at 12 weeks. This pilot study demonstrated that an 8-week outpatient acupuncture course was feasible for advanced cancer patients and could produce a measurable benefit. Researchers also concluded that acupuncture is underutilized as an adjunct cancer therapy.

This article will appear in the Winter 2014 issue of Chinese Medicine in Practice, the Official Newsletter of the American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.
 

Saturday, February 15, 2014

Acupuncture offers holistic alternative to Botox

Acupuncture offers holistic alternative to Botox

As Lora Lipman entered her 60s, she began to notice not only fine lines around her eyes and lips, but an uneven skin tone she described as somewhat grayish and ashy. She found that acupuncture is a natural and holistic alternative to Botox.
She was reticent to opt for chemical enhancements, or the typically invasive nips, tucks, and pokes of plastic surgery.
So instead, on a recent afternoon, she lay perfectly still on a spa table as dozens of the tiniest of acupuncture needles were gently inserted into the skin of her face and head. It was her fourth week undergoing a cosmetic treatment at the steady hands of Stephanie Kula at the Jewish Community Center of the North Shore in Marblehead.
“Now,” said the 62-year-old from Beverly, “people say ‘Your skin looks so nice, so clear and healthy.’ ”

To read the full story in Boston Globe, click here.

Friday, February 14, 2014

Er Xian Tang for Hot Flashes

Chinese Herbs May Reduce Hot Flashes
Women taking a Chinese herbal formula experienced less than half the number of menopausal hot flashes they had before the treatment, according to a new study from Hong Kong.
Among women taking an herbal mix called Er-xian decoction (EXD), the frequency of daily hot flashes dropped by 62 percent, compared to a 52-percent drop seen among women taking a placebo.
"It's a modest effect, but not a zero effect," said Katherine Newton, a researcher who has studied herbal menopause therapies at the Group Health Research Institute in Seattle.
Newton, who was not involved in the research, said she'd want to see more, long-term studies demonstrating that these herbs are safe before she would recommend them to women, but that the current study makes EXD look promising as an alternative menopause treatment.
Hormone replacement therapy is considered the most effective therapy for menopause-related symptoms, but potential health risks from hormones have women looking for alternatives, said Yao Tong, a professor at the University of Hong Kong and one of the authors of the new study.

To read the full report, click here.

Thursday, February 13, 2014

More Westerners in Hong Kong Take Traditional Chinese Medicine


More Childless Westerners
are Turning to Chinese Medicine, Say Doctors

Childless Westerners in Hong Kong are increasingly turning to traditional Chinese medicine to improve their chances of having a baby, according to two practitioners.
The patients - mostly French and British women - are using Chinese herbs and acupuncture to achieve optimal health and stimulate their hormones after the use of Western procedures alone failed them. This despite a lack of research proving the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in fertility.
One fertility specialist, who believes women can boost their rate of conception by combining Chinese and Western therapies, said she was seeing a dozen new cases every week - both Chinese and non-Chinese.
"There is an increasing trend in foreign patients seeking treatment from us, many of them referred by Western doctors to supplement their fertility treatment," said Dr Michelle Law Pui-man, a registered Chinese medicine practitioner who also holds a PhD in public health.
"I believe it is a result of an increasing recognition of traditional Chinese medicine in the West."
Law pointed to one benefit: "The health of the uterus is essential for embryo development. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy aims to optimise nourishment of the uterus."
Kwan Chi-yee, president of the Chinese Herbalists Association, said he had observed the same trend in foreigners.
He said traditional medicines could target specific aspects of a woman's health and create the best possible conditions for her to conceive. He cautioned, however, that in the absence of clinical data, any help it offered could not be conclusively proven.
Law said that from experience, using both types of therapies together could raise the rate of conception by 15 per cent, depending on the patient's age. However, she did not recommend relying solely on traditional Chinese medicine in order to get pregnant.
The past four years had seen a 15 per cent rise in the number of childless foreign women seeking help from Law. They account for about 65 per cent of all her patients with fertility difficulties.
 
To read the full story, click here.

Wednesday, February 12, 2014

Chinese Medicine is in Hong Kong’s Undergraduate Curriculum

Hong Kong Urgently Needs a Hospital
to Teach Traditional Chinese Medicine
No remedy. The city is in urgent need of a teaching hospital for traditional Chinese medicine, its practitioners tell Linda Yeung
Chinese medicine clinics are everywhere in Hong Kong and, for more than a decade since the 1997 handover, Chinese medicine education has been part of the undergraduate curriculum.
Many Hong Kong's practitioners were trained on the mainland, and some have only apprenticeship training. But local universities have emerged as a source of talent for the traditional field, producing about 70 graduates a year.
Unlike the much-envied graduates of mainstream medical schools, these graduates end up working in clinics, and are denied a chance for key practice due to the lack of a teaching hospital.
Of the three universities offering Chinese medicine studies - Chinese University, the University of Hong Kong and Baptist University - the latter has made the strongest call for a Chinese medicine teaching hospital. It hopes to use a site adjacent to its School of Chinese Medicine, on the southern part of the former Lee Wai Lee campus .
To read the full story, click here.

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Acupuncture and Serotonin

Acupuncture and Serotonin
Changzhen Gong, Ph.D.

Acupuncture, a medical modality of traditional Chinese medicine, has been practiced for several thousand years. It involves the insertion of thin needles into specific sites called acupuncture points which are distributed along vital energy pathways on the body known as meridians. Acupuncture is effectively applied to diseases ranging from chronic and acute pain conditions, internal disorders, and pediatric conditions to gynecological and neurological disorders. Since its introduction to the U.S. in the 1970s, acupuncture has achieved a prominent position among alternative and complementary medicine modalities. But how does acupuncture work? What is the mechanism behind acupuncture’s therapeutic function? Exploration of this question by the scientific research community has resulted in a number of studies suggesting that acupuncture can directly affect the production and release of a number of chemical substances in the body, including serotonin.

Serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a hormone which is found in the central nervous system, blood platelets, digestive tract, and pineal gland. A hormone is a chemical substance produced in one part of the body that regulates and controls the activity of tissues or organs in another part of the body. In the brain, serotonin acts as a classic neurotransmitter, mediating nerve impulses between cell synapses. As a component of blood platelets, serotonin acts as a vasoconstrictor, causing blood vessels to narrow. Approximately 80% of the body's total serotonin is in the intestinal tract, where it stimulates smooth muscle contractions. Serotonin is involved in many physiological functions including appetite, mood, hormonal balance, sleep cycles, alertness, inhibition of gastric secretions, stimulation of smooth muscles, and vasoconstriction. Changes in serotonin production are believed to be at least part of the clinical basis for depression, premenstrual syndrome, eating disorders, and a variety of other health problems. Low levels of serotonin in the brain have been correlated with clinical depression. Scientists have found that acupuncture can regulate the production and release of serotonin, based on analysis of serotonin levels in blood and spinal fluid.

Acupuncture Affects Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides

A wide variety of scientific studies indicate that acupuncture increases the levels of a number of key chemical substances in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Besides serotonin, these include the neuropeptides endorphin and enkephalin, which are powerful analgesics, and the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, which regulate blood pressure, among other functions. Currently, this is considered to be the most important mechanism to explain how acupuncture works.

One way of measuring the effects of acupuncture is to analyze the levels of hormones and neurotransmitters in the blood and spinal fluid. In the last two decades, a new technology –functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – has enabled scientists to pinpoint the effects of acupuncture on specific areas of the brain. For example, it has been shown that a part of the brain – the medullary raphe nuclei – processes somatic signals during electroacupuncture and participates in acupuncture-related modulation of cardiovascular function through an opioid or serotonergic mechanism.

It is interesting to note that there are various subtypes of serotonin receptors on cells, and that these receptors can occur in different combinations in different individuals. This is also the case for other hormones and neurotransmitters. This may explain why people respond differently to acupuncture stimulation at an individual level.

Pain, Depression, and Addiction

In the West, acupuncture has been most widely accepted as a way to relieve pain and reduce stress. Serotonin, functioning as a neurotransmitter, is involved with both analgesia and mood perception. Some antidepressant medications affect the action of serotonin as a means to treat depression. One study of electroacupuncture analgesia found serotonin-releasing neurons and several subtypes of serotonin receptors affecting the descending pain inhibitory pathway in the lower brainstem. In a comparative neurotransmitter study on the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture, the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture were demonstrated to be related to opioid, adrenergic, serotonin and dopamine receptors in an arthritic pain model using rats. A depression study using rats as an animal model showed that acupuncture stimulation can relieve maternal separation-induced behavior changes in young rats.

Acupuncture has been used in the United States since the 1970s to treat substance addictions such as alcohol, drugs, or nicotine. A study to explain the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of drug addiction indicated that acupuncture's role in suppressing the reinforcing effects of abused drugs takes place by modulating mesolimbic dopamine neurons. Several brain neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, have been implicated in the modulation of dopamine release by acupuncture.  These studies provide evidence for the biological effects of acupuncture that ultimately may help us to understand how acupuncture can be used to treat drug addiction.

 
An expanded version of this article appears in the International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, No. 4, 2013.
 
 

 

 

 

Monday, February 10, 2014

Links from Illinois Acupuncture

Links from Illinois Acupuncture

A few good articles appear in the first issue of 2014  Newsletter for the Illinois Association of Acupuncture & Oriental Medicine.
Acupuncture Improves Memory, click here.
Acupuncture Research Highlights, click here.
Contralateral Circuit Needling, click here.

Acupressure and Stanford Pelvic Pain Protocol

Acupressure and Stanford Pelvic Pain Protocol

An unorthodox device for treating pelvic pain was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and its inventors say it could help legions of men in misery from what are misdiagnosed as prostate problems.

The therapeutic wand resembling a longshoreman’s cargo hook, but made of plastic, is used to gently press on “trigger points” in pelvic muscles that are in spasm. What makes it unorthodox is that men must insert it rectally; a small number of women use it vaginally.

To read more, click here.

 

Sunday, February 9, 2014

The Rise of Ginseng

Traditional Chinese Medicine: The Rise of Ginseng
 
Ginseng has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to boost immunity and lower blood sugar, but recent research suggests a new reason to consume the plant: to perk up, quite literally, a man's sex life.
In a study published last month in the International Journal of Impotence Research, scientists from the Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul, South Korea, found that men who suffered from erectile dysfunction and took tablets of ginseng berry extract daily for eight weeks saw improved sexual function.
The research team concluded that ginseng should be considered as an alternative medicine to improve all domains of sexual dysfunction.
A wealth of studies provide evidence that more than half of the world's male population has some degree of erectile dysfunction. Two main symptoms of sexual dysfunction are erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. Erectile dysfunction occurs when a man is not able to achieve or keep an erection for sexual intercourse.
Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in the Hong Kong population has been reported by University of Hong Kong's Urology Division as 61 per cent of men aged 51 to 60, 47 per cent of men aged 41 to 50, and 38 per cent of men aged 31 to 40.
To read more, click here.

Saturday, February 8, 2014

Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Food as Medicine


Assorted Links
Three Needle Techniques, click.
Food as Medicine, click.
Auricular Acupuncture for Weight Loss, click.
Moxibustion for IBS, click.
Acupuncture for Ovarian Cysts, click.

Xiao Yao San and Hepatitis B


Xiao Yao San and Hepatitis B
Xiao-Yao-San is a famous Chinese herbal formula originally recorded in "Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang" (a classical Chinese medicine book of the Song Dynasty). It is a mixture of eight crude herbs (Bupleurum falcatum, Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Atractylodes lancea, Wolfiporia cocos, Zingiber officinale, Mentha arvensis, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis. This herbal prescription is reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-cancer, and immunomodulation activities, and is commonly used in the clinic to treat functional dyspepsia, postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, mood stabilizer swings, insomnia, depressive disorders, breast cancer, and so on. Recently, some studies have shown that Xiao-Yao-San has a potent effect on treating CHB. Xiao-Yao-San could improve the clinical symptoms (e.g., weak, inappetence, and hepatalgia) of patients with CHB. Furthermore, the patients' liver function (ALT and AST) and liver fibrosis indexes, including hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen III peptide (P-III-P), and collagen type IV (IV-C), were improved significantly after treatment with Xiao-Yao-San. Furthermore, Xiao-Yao-San combined with adefovir dipivoxil could significantly improve the negative conversion rates of HBeAg and HBV-DNA in the treatment of CHB. Although Xiao-Yao-San has its unique advantages in treating CHB, a far larger body of literature only exists in Chinese language journals. It is reasonable to publish some well-designed, efficacy-based basic or clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of Xiao-Yao-San in treating CHB in the future in English language journals.

Excerpt from Qi FH, Wang ZX, Cai PP, Zhao L, Gao JJ, Kokudo N, Li AY, Han JQ, Tang W. Traditional Chinese medicine and related active compounds: A review of their role on hepatitis B virus infection. Drug Discov Ther. 2013 Dec;7(6):212-224.

To read the full text, click here.

Friday, February 7, 2014

More Reports on Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis)

Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis) is Popular

Recently, due to media coverage, the Chinese herb Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis) has become sought after by the public. Acupuncture clinics selling Chinese herbs have been overwhelmed by inquiries. To read those reports,
Click here.
And here.

And here.

And here.
And here.

And here.
And here.

How to use Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis)? Click here.

Acupuncture and TCM in Dermatology


Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture in Dermatology
A forthcoming book from Oxford University Press, Integrative Dermatology, is one in  a series of integrative medicine edited by Andrew Weil, MD.  The series “Integrative Medicine Library” applies the modern medicine golden standard to screen complementary medicines and takes an integrative approach to non-western medicine modalities.
The chapter “Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture in Dermatology” covers the following five dermatological conditions:
Atopic Dermatitis
Herpes Simplex Virus

Lichen Simplex (Neurodermatitis)
Pruritis
Urticaria
The digital version of some chapters of the book is available through Amazon.com. To preview the book, click here.

Thursday, February 6, 2014

Differential Needling for Facial Paralysis

Upcoming Event at the American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine
Wednesday, February 19
12:30 – 1:00 PM
Lunchtime Lecture Series Presents:
Treating Facial Paralysis:
Differential Needling by Location & Stage
Presented by Dr. Lili Tian
In the past, acupuncture practitioners treated facial paralysis solely according to TCM differentiations such as wind invasion, heat patterns, etc. But as Chinese medicine has evolved to incorporate scientific knowledge, effective treatment of facial paralysis combines accurate neurological diagnosis with time-tested needling techniques.  For example, disorders of the facial nerve can be categorized by the segment of the nerve which is affected. When a pathogen affects the segment of the facial nerve out of the stylomastoid foramen, the result is simple facial paralysis. When the segment of the facial nerve from the stylomastoid foramen up to geniculate ganglion is affected, the patient is diagnosed with Bell’s Palsy. Beyond the geniculate ganglion, affliction of the facial nerve results in the serious condition of Hunt’s Palsy.

 In her lecture, Dr. Tian will elaborate on the importance of determining which nerve segment(s) are affected in relation to choosing needling techniques and point combinations. She will also describe the stages of facial paralysis, which determine the treatment plan. Evolving treatments of principal stages are: expelling pathogenic factors; reducing and reinforcing combinations; and tonifying qi and blood.